Fall Prevention for Seniors: Home Safety Tips That Could Save Your Life

Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries among Americans 65 and older. Each year, one in four seniors falls -- and falls cause more than 27,000 deaths annually. A single fall can lead to a hip fracture, head injury, or loss of independence.

The good news: most falls are preventable. Here are evidence-based strategies to reduce your fall risk.

Before diving into home modifications, know that Medicare covers several fall prevention services:

Annual Wellness Visit: Includes a fall risk assessment. Your doctor will evaluate your gait, balance, and medications that increase fall risk.

Physical therapy: If you have balance problems or weakness, Medicare covers physical therapy to improve strength and balance.

Occupational therapy: OT can assess your home for fall hazards and recommend modifications.

Bone density test: Osteoporosis increases fracture risk from falls. Medicare covers bone density testing every 2 years for at-risk women.

Medications are one of the most significant and overlooked fall risk factors. Several common drug classes increase fall risk:

• Sedatives and sleep aids: Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, Ativan), sleep medications (Ambien, Lunesta)
• Blood pressure medications: Can cause dizziness when standing (orthostatic hypotension)
• Diuretics: Can cause dehydration and dizziness
• Antidepressants: Some increase fall risk
• Antihistamines: Benadryl and similar drugs cause sedation and confusion in seniors
• Opioid pain medications: Cause sedation and impaired balance

Ask your doctor to review all your medications for fall risk. The American Geriatrics Society's Beers Criteria lists medications that are potentially inappropriate for older adults.

Bathroom (highest risk area):

• Install grab bars next to the toilet and in the shower/tub (not towel bars -- they won't support your weight)
• Use a non-slip mat in the shower and tub
• Consider a shower chair or bench
• Install a raised toilet seat if needed
• Ensure adequate lighting

Bedroom:

• Keep a lamp or nightlight within reach of the bed
• Keep a clear path to the bathroom
• Consider a bed rail if you have difficulty getting in and out of bed
• Keep frequently used items at waist height

Stairs:

• Install handrails on both sides of all staircases
• Ensure stairs are well-lit
• Mark the edge of steps with contrasting tape
• Consider moving essential activities to one floor

Throughout the home:

• Remove throw rugs or secure them with non-slip backing
• Eliminate clutter and clear pathways
• Secure loose electrical cords
• Ensure adequate lighting in all areas
• Use non-slip wax on floors

Regular exercise -- particularly balance and strength training -- is the most effective fall prevention strategy. Programs shown to reduce falls:

Tai Chi: Multiple studies show Tai Chi reduces fall risk by 20-45%. Many senior centers and YMCAs offer classes.

Otago Exercise Program: A home-based strength and balance program developed specifically for fall prevention in older adults.

Matter of Balance: An evidence-based group program that addresses fear of falling and teaches fall prevention strategies. Available at many senior centers.

Poor vision and hearing impairment both increase fall risk. Have your vision checked annually and update your glasses prescription as needed. Treat hearing loss -- it affects spatial awareness and balance.

Wear shoes with non-slip soles and good ankle support. Avoid walking in socks, slippers without backs, or high heels. Sandals with straps are safer than flip-flops.

We do not offer every plan available in your area. Please contact Medicare.gov or 1-800-MEDICARE to get information on all of your options.